英语四级有什么技巧?特别是听力,阅读理解,!
听力技巧:
1.对话
根据对话听力的设题特点,我认为在解答对话听力理解题时同学们应注意以下几点:
1)提前阅读选项,判断问题所属,从而集中精力于有关信息。
2)注意根据信息词汇判断地点和说话人的身份职业等。
当同学们看到四个地点和职业名词时,大脑中就应该马上出现与这些地点或职业相关的一系列词语,在听的过程中注意提到了什么信息词语,这样就可轻松地判断谈话发生的地点,说话人的职业或身份,以及谈话双方的关系。
为此,同学们有必要了解与各种职业和地点行业有关的信息词汇,如:
饭店:menu, order, waitress, waiter, take order, go Dutch, It's my treat等;
旅馆:check in/out, make a reservation, register, reception desk等;
医院:physician, doctor, nurse, operation-room, emergency room, visiting
hours, prescribe, pill等;
银行:open an account, withdraw, deposit, saving, cash a check等;
飞机/机场:flight, safety-belt, boarding card, captain, airhostess, airline, take off, land, crash等。
有关信息词汇同学们可以参看四级英语《听力分册》,这里就不再一一列举。
3)注意加减运算,听到的不是答案
在涉及时间、距离、金钱等数量概念的听力中,一般都要求同学们进行加减方面的运算,很少是听到什么就是什么。有时,计算可能会麻烦些,同学们可以先将听到的时间等记下,等有时间再计算。在计算题中应特别注意以下数字的读音差别:
13---30 14-40 15 --- 50 16 --- 60 17 -70 18 -80 19 -90
选项中会有这种数字读音差别的考查。如:
W: when does the next train leave?
M: You have just missed one by 5 minutes. Trains leave every 50
minutes, so you'll have to wait for a while.
Q: How long does the woman have to wait for the next train?
A. 45 minutes. B. 50 minutes. C. 10 minutes. D. 5 minutes.
如果把50minutes 听成了15 minutes,就会误选选项C。
4)注意记笔记,将人物、地点、时间等对号入座
听力测试中的另外一种现象就是,四个选项中的人物、地点、时间或事件等在对话中可能都有提及。在这种情况下,同学们所需要的不是寻找信息词,而是注意将四个选项与对话中提及的信息对号入座。如:
① W: Do you enjoy life in Washington?
M: Yes, indeed. I'm planning to move to New York or Boston.
Anyway, I've never regretted my earlier decision.
Q: Where does the man live now?
A. In New York. B. In Boston C. In Newport D. In Washington
四个地点对话中提到了三个,具体是哪一个,同学们在听的时候应注意分辨。
②M:Please buy two packs of cigarettes for me while you are at the store.
W:I am not going to any store. I'm going to see Aunt Mary. But I
will get them for you at the gas station.
Q:Where will the woman stop on her way?
A. At a cigarette store. B. At a bus station.
C. At a gas station. D. At Aunt Mary's
③M:I'd like to make two reservations on Flight 651 for June 8th.
W:I'm sorry, we're booked up on the 8th. But we still have a few
seats available on June 9th.
Q:When does the man want to leave?
A. On the 6th of June. B. On the 8th of June. C. On the 9th of June. D. On the 19th of June
如果地点不含职业性的对比,一般就很可能属于这里所介绍的类型,那么同学们所做的就是分别。
5)从语法入手、从短语含义入手,判断隐含之意
在四级听力中常考查到的语法是建议和虚拟语气。要求同学们判断建议是什么,虚拟中含义是什么。就建议而言,同学们只需注意建议的各种表达方式,就可解答这类听力题;至于虚拟语气,我想同学们可以记住这样一条规律:
与所听到的相反的就是答案。
6) 概括与具体,具体与抽象相对,概括的、抽象的是解
这类题主要是话题的选择,也包括一些对整个事件的评价等。如:
① W: We all talk about how liberated we are, but in fact woman are still not treated equally.
M:I don't think so. You've got the vote, you've got your careers
I think you've got everything important.
Q: What are they talking about?
A. The woman's job as a librarian. B. Woman's rights in society.
C. An important election. D. Career planning.
谈论的话题应是一个抽象的概括性的东西,所以答案是B。
②M: This has been the worst flood for the past 20 years. It has caused much damage and destruction.
W: Look at the price of fruits and vegetables. No wonder they are expensive.
Q: What are they talking about?
A. The effects of the flood. B. The heroic fight against flood.
C. The cause of the flood. D. Floods of the past twenty years.
能够概括对话中物价上涨的应该是A。
7)肯定与不肯定相对,含义不肯定的是解
这一技巧用于解答说话者言外之意的听力题。如:
①W:I intend to buy some fruits for the children. These apples and
pears seem to be in season. I'll get two dozen of each.
M: I hope they're as good as they look.
Q: What does the man mean?
A. The apples and pears might no be so good. B. The apples are not as good as the pears.
C. The apples and pears are very good. D. The apples and pears are as good as they look.
hope的使用说明答案应该是不太可能的选项,自然是A。
②W: If this weather keeps up, I'm going to have to buy a warmer coat.
M: Sounds like a good idea. Spring is still a long way off, you know.
Q: What does the man mean?
A. The woman should wait to buy new clothes. B. The cold weather will probably continue.
C. The weather will warm up soon. D. He already has a warm coat.
Sounds like a good idea说明了语气的不可能,答案应该是B。
8)"同意"是解
一般情况下,如果四个选项中有一个表示"同意"的概念,那么,此选项就是正确选项。如:
① W: It's a wonderful film, isn't it?
M: You can say that again.
Q: What does the man mean?
A. He agrees with the woman. B. He didn't hear what the woman said.
C. He is surprised by her opinion. D. He thinks she should look at it again.
② M: This is the longest assignment we've had all semester.
W: You're telling me. We'll be lucky if we can do half of it.
Q: What does the woman say about the assignment?
A. She has done half of it already. B. She agrees that it is very long.
C. They have all semester to do it. D. There's nothing wrong with it.
请同学们注意以下表示同意对方观点的常用语。如果听到这些,就可以选择含有"同意"的选项:
You said it.
You can say that again.
You are telling me.
You may/might well say so.
I'll say.
I couldn't agree more.
2.短文
根据短文听力的特点,同学们可以做以下工作。
1) 注意把握首尾句,从整体上理解全文,这同样有利于主题题的解答。
2) 听前阅读选项,增加听的目的性和针对性。
3) 听时记笔记,以掌握文章的主要细节内容。
4) 根据不同的听力材料采用不同的听力技巧。如故事性的文章一般可以边听边划答案,标出故事中提到的信息;说明文要注意要说明的主题是什么,支撑细节有哪些。
5) 做完后通读所有答案,看是否能相互说明,成为一个整体。
3.复合式听写
在前面我已经给大家介绍了复合式听写中可以运用的一些技巧。复合式听写很大程度上利用了完形填空的词汇和篇章技巧,同时在有三题中又运用了写作的技法。但是否能够以适当的语言准确地补全短文所缺信息,不是技巧本身所能做到的,需要同学们平时加强这方面的训练。
以上简要分析了四级听力测试的特点和可以运用的一些方法技巧。但是,听力能力的发展不是一朝一夕可练就的,更不是知道几个小窍门就能解决问题的。希望同学们结合四级考试听力测试的特点,有针对性地强化训练,同时注意解题的技巧,可望在短时间之内有个突破。
阅读理解题答案项特征
通过研究历届四、六级阅读理解题,我们发现,在所列出的四个选项中,也有一些普遍性规律可循。如果考生了解、熟悉并掌握了这些规律,他(她)们就可以找到做题时的"第六感觉",达到所谓超常发挥的水平。如果考生来不及看文章,万般无奈下凭这些规律可以选中不少正确选项。
(一)答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项。这些语气词有: must, always, never, the most, all, only, have to, any, no, very completely, none, hardly等。
(二)选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项。这些语气词有: can, could, may, should, usually, might, most(大多数),more or less, relatively, be likely to, possible, whether or, not necessarily 等。
(三)选项中照抄原文的一般不是答案项,而同义替换的一般是选项。
(四)较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的,选项一般是答案项。
(五)选项中表达意义较具体的、肤浅的(字面意思)一般不是答案项,而概括性的、抽象的、含义深刻的是答案项。
(六)选项中较符合常识的,易明白的一般不是选项;而似乎不太合理,一时较难理解的往往是正确选项。
第二篇:
各类题型干扰项特点
新闻记者理解题一般采用主旨大意题、事实细节题、判断词汇题、逻辑推理题、作者观点态度题五种形式。考生若掌握了这些题型干扰项的特点,也有助于帮助自己排除干扰项,做出正确地选择。
(一)主旨大意题干扰项特点。
(1)虽覆盖全文意思,但显得太笼统;
(2)其内容太窄,不能覆盖全文内容,只是文章内容的一部分,或只是文章内容的一个细枝未节;
(3)与文章内容毫不相干,或与文章内容相悖。
(二)细节题干扰项特点。
(1)与原句内容相反;
(2)与原文内容一半相同一半不同;
(3)与原句内容相似但过于绝对化;
(4)原文中根本没提到。
(三)逻辑推理题干扰项特点
(1)不是在文章事实或上下文(句)逻辑基础上进行推理而得出了观点。
(2)虽然可以以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为基础进行推理,但推理过头,概括过度。
(四)观点态度题干扰项特点纵观历届四、六级阅读理解试题在考查学生揣测作者观点态度时,正确选项要么是肯定、赞扬、褒义性的(如positive, support, useful, interesting, admiring等)要么是否定、批评、贬义性的(如disgust, critical, negative, disappointment等)而又以否定、贬义性居多。所以此类题型中的中性词(如indifferent, ambivalent, neutral, humor, disinterested, impassive)一般均为干扰项。
由于近几年文章都是反映与社会联系紧密的,多为人们所担心的现象,故作者对这些社会现象持批评态度的较多。
第三篇:
紧急状况下的阅读答题方法
做好阅读理解题,最理想的步骤是先迅速浏览五道题大体了解一下五道题各自提问了什么,各选项句是什么意思。然后带着题干的提问略读全文,以最快的速度掌握所阅读材料中的主要内容和主要观点,模清五道题各自提问的内容大体在文章的什么位置,并做些相应的记号。接着开始逐个答题如果哪一题在略读基础上不能选出,再到文中相应的地方进行查读、细读,直至选出正确答案。五题全做完后,最后把五个选出的答案连起来看一看,检查一下是否存在明显的逻辑不通或相冲突。如果有,及时订正;如果没有,可以做下一篇文章。 但是,如果考生时间实在不够了而剩下一、两篇还没做,在此紧急状况下,该如何阅读答题呢?下面介绍一些临门一脚的诀窍。
(一)针对主旨大意题只读段首、段尾句。一般来说,一篇文章的中心思想或某一段主题思想往往通过段首、段尾句表达出来。考生迅速找到了这些主题句,也能答题。
(二)若针对举例子、引用名人言论、特殊符号(如冒号、引号、破折号)后内容出题,考生可只读例子、名人言话、符号前后句内容,然后符号题。
(三)如果题目只是针对某一段内容而提问,考生可只看该段内容即可答题,而不必等把文章全看完才做,以防到时要交卷,而能做出的题因时间不足而瞎猜。