词语辨析：crack，crash，crush

crack 1

1 / kr?k; kr?k/ n

~ (in sth) (a) line along which sth has broken, but not into separate parts 裂缝; 裂纹: a cup with bad cracks in it 有很多裂纹的杯子 * Don't go skating today there are dangerous cracks in the ice. 今天别去溜冰了--冰上有裂缝很危险. * (fig 比喻) The cracks (ie defects) in the Government's economic policy are beginning to show. 政府经济政策上的失误已渐渐明显. =>illus at chip 见chip之插图. (b) narrow opening 缝隙: She looked through a crack in the curtains. 她透过帘子的缝隙观望. * Open the door a crack, ie Open it very slightly. 把门打开一条缝（打开一点点）.

sudden sharp noise 爆裂声; ?啪声: the crack of a pistol shot ?啪啪的手枪声 * a crack of thunder 一声霹雳.

~ (on sth) sharp blow, usu one that can be heard 重击（通常为可听到响声的）: give sb/get a crack on the head 吧的一声打在某人的头上[头上挨了一下子].

~ (about sth) (infml 口) clever and amusing remark, often critical; joke 俏皮话（常为挖苦人的）; 笑话: She made a crack about his fatness. 她取笑他肥胖.

~ at sth/doing sth (infml 口) attempt at sth 试做某事物: Have another crack at solving this puzzle. 再试一试把这个难题解决了吧.

(idm 习语) the crack of `dawn (infml 口) very early in the morning 黎明; 破晓: get up at the crack of dawn 黎明即起. the crack of `doom the end of the world 世界末日: (fig 比喻) To get a bus here you have to wait till the crack of doom, ie an extremely long time. 在这儿真要等到世界末日（很久很久以后）才能有公***汽车. a fair crack of the whip => fair1. paper over the cracks => paper.

> crack adj [attrib 作定语] very clever or expert; excellent 精明能干的; 技艺高超的; 优秀的: a crack regiment 劲旅 * He's a crack shot, ie expert at shooting. 他是神枪手.

# `crack-brained adj (infml 口) crazy; foolish 疯狂的; 愚蠢的: a crack-brained idea, scheme, etc 愚蠢的念头、 计谋等. crack 2

/ kr?k; kr?k/ v

[I, Tn] (cause to) develop a crack1(1a) or cracks （使）开裂, 破裂, 爆裂: The ice cracked as I stepped onto it. 我一踩冰就裂了. * You can crack this toughened glass, but you can't break it. 这种韧化玻璃只裂不碎. * She has cracked a bone in her arm. 她手臂有一处骨裂. * a cracked mug 有裂纹的缸子.

[Tn, Cn.a] break (sth) open or into pieces 砸开或砸碎（某物）: crack a nut 把坚果砸碎 * crack a safe, ie open it to steal from it 砸开保险箱 * crack a casing open ?里啪啦打开包装.

[Tn, Tn.pr] sth (on/against sth) hit sth sharply 猛击某物: I cracked my head on the low door-frame. 我的头撞在低矮的门框上了.

[I, Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] (cause sth to) make a sharp sound （使某物）发出爆裂声; （使某物）?啪作响: crack a whip, one's knuckles 抽鞭子、 屈指节?啪作响 * The hunter's rifle cracked and the deer fell dead. 猎人的枪一响, 鹿即倒地而死.

[I, Tn] (cause sb to) cease to resist; (cause sth to) fail （使某人）屈服; （使某事物）垮台: The suspect cracked under questioning. 嫌疑分子在审问之下招供了. * They finally cracked the defence and scored a goal. 他们终於突破了防守, 射进一球.

[Tn] (infml 口) solve (a problem, etc) 解决（问题等）: The calculation was difficult, but we finally cracked it. 计算起来很费劲, 然而我们终於解决了. * crack a code, ie decipher it 破译密码.

[I] (of the voice) change in depth, loudness, etc suddenly and uncontrollably （指嗓音）突然而失控地改变音色、 音量等: In a voice cracking with emotion, he announced the death of his father. 他悲恸失声地宣布了父亲去世的消息. * A boy's voice cracks (ie becomes deeper) at puberty. 男孩在青春期嗓音改变（声音变粗）.

[Tn] (infml 口) open (a bottle, esp of alcoholic drink) and drink its contents 开（瓶, 尤指酒瓶）饮用.

[Tn] (infml 口) tell (a joke) 说（笑话）.

[Tn] (chemistry 化) break down (heavy oils) by heat and pressure to produce lighter oils 使裂化（利用高温高压从质量较重的石油里制取轻油）.

(idm 习语) cracked `up to be sth (usu negative 通常作否定) (infml 口) reputed to be sth 号称: He's not such a good writer as he's cracked up to be. 他并不像人们所吹捧的那样是什麽杰出的作家. get `cracking (infml 口) begin, esp energetically 开始; （尤指）大干起来: There's a lot to be done, so let's get cracking. 工作很多, 咱们开始干吧.

(phr v) crack down (on sb/sth) impose more severe treatment or restrictions on sb/sth （对某人[某事物]）严加处置或限制: Police are cracking down on drug dealers. 警方现对贩毒分子严惩不贷. crack up (infml 口) lose one's physical or mental health （身体）垮掉; （精神）崩溃: You'll crack up if you go on working so hard. 你继续这样拚命干下去, 身体会吃不消的.

> cracked / kr?kt; kr?kt/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (infml 口) mad; crazy 疯狂; 狂热.

cracking / ?kr?k?; ˋkr?k?/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (Brit infml 口) excellent 精采的; 棒的: That was a cracking shot he played. 他这一下打得妙极了.

# `crack-down n ~ (on sb/sth) severe measures to restrict or discourage undesirable or criminal people or actions 制裁; 取缔: a crack-down on tax evasion 对逃税行为的严厉打击.

`crack-up n (infml 口) loss of physical or mental health （身体的）衰退; （精神的）崩溃: a crack-up due to overwork 因操劳过度而招致的身体的衰退.

牛津高阶英汉双解词典

crash 1

1 / kr?; kr?/ n

(a) (usu sing 通常作单数) (loud noise made by a) violent fall, blow or breakage 坠落（声）; 撞击（声）; 破裂（声）: the crash of dishes being dropped 摔碎盘碟的声音 * The tree fell with a great crash. 那棵树哗啦一声倒了. * His words were drowned in a crash of thunder. 他的话为一阵雷声所淹没. (b) accident involving a vehicle in a collision or some other impact 撞车; （车辆等）碰撞: a crash in which two cars collided 两辆汽车相撞的事故 * a `car crash/an `air crash 汽车撞车事故[飞机坠毁].

collapse, esp of a business or stock-market 崩溃; 垮台; （尤指）倒闭; （证券市场）暴跌: The great financial crash in 1929 ruined international trade. 1929年的经济大萧条摧毁了国际贸易.

> crash adj [attrib 作定语] done intensively to achieve quick results 突击式的; 速成的: a crash course in computer programming 计算机程序设计速成课程 * a crash diet 速效饮食.

crash adv with a crash 哗啦一声地: The vase fell crash on to the tiles. 花瓶哗啦一声掉在瓷砖上.

# `crash barrier fence, rail, etc to restrain crowds, divide vehicles travelling in opposite directions on a motorway, etc （限制人群通行的）隔离栅; （高速公路等的双程行车道之间的）防撞护栏. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xiii.

`crash-dive n sudden dive made by a submarine or an aircraft, eg to avoid being attacked （潜艇或飞机为免受攻击而实行的）紧急下潜或下降. v [I] dive in this way （潜艇）紧急下潜; （飞机）紧急下降.

`crash helmet hat made of very strong material (eg metal), worn by motor-cyclists, racing drivers, etc to protect the head （摩托车手、 赛车驾驶员等戴的）防撞头盔.

,crash-`land v [I, Tn] land (an aircraft) or be landed roughly in an emergency, usu with resulting damage （使飞行器）强行着陆. ,crash-`landing n landing of this kind 强行着陆: make a crash-landing 实行强行着陆. crash 2

/ kr?; kr?/ v

(a) [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] fall or strike (sth) suddenly and noisily 突然倒下, 撞击（某物）发出声响: The rocks crashed (down) onto the car. 岩石轰隆一声砸在汽车上. * The tree crashed through the window. 树哗啦一声倒入窗内. * The dishes crashed to the floor. 碗碟哗啦一声掉在地板上. * She crashed the plates (down) on the table. 她哗啦一声把那些盘子摔到桌上. (b) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (into sth) (cause sth to) have a collision （使某物）猛撞: The plane crashed (into the mountain). 飞机撞毁（在山上）了. * He crashed his car (into a wall). 他把汽车撞（到墙上）了. * a crashed car, plane 撞毁的汽车、 坠毁的飞机. (c) [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sth to) move noisily or violently （使某物）轰然或猛然冲, 闯: an enraged elephant crashing about in the undergrowth 被激怒了的大象, 在矮树丛中东奔西窜 * He crashed the trolley through the doors. 他推着小脚轮车乒乒乓乓地过了几道门.

[I] make a loud noise 发出巨响: The thunder crashed. 雷声隆隆.

[I] (of a business company, government, etc) fail suddenly; collapse （指企业、 政府等）突然倒台, 崩溃: The company crashed with debts of ￡2 million. 那家公司因负债2百万英镑而告破产.

[Tn] (infml 口) = gatecrash (gate).

[Ipr, Ip] ~ (out) (sl 俚 esp US) sleep in an improvised bed, esp when very tired 在临时床铺上睡觉（尤指困极时）: Mind if I crash (out) on your floor tonight? 今晚我在你家打地铺行吗?

(idm 习语) a crashing `bore very boring person 讨厌鬼.

牛津高阶英汉双解词典

crush 1

/ kr?; kr?/ v

[Tn, Tn.pr] press or squeeze (sth/sb) hard so that there is breakage or injury 压（或挤）坏, 压（或挤）伤（某物[某人]）: Don't crush the box; it has flowers in it. 别把盒子压破了, 里面有花. * Wine is made by crushing grapes. 葡萄酒是压榨葡萄制成的. * Several people were crushed to death by the falling rocks. 有几个人被落下来的岩石压死了.

[Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) break sth hard into small pieces or into powder by pressing 捣（或碾）碎某物; 把某物捣（或碾）成粉末: Huge hammers crush (up) the rocks. 用大锤把岩石砸成了碎块.

[I, Tn] (cause sth to) become full of creases or irregular folds （使某物）显得皱皱巴巴的: The clothes were badly crushed in the suitcase. 衣服压在箱子里皱得不像样子了. * Some synthetic materials do not crush easily. 有些化纤衣料不易起皱.

[Tn] defeat (sb/sth) completely; subdue 消灭, 击溃, 镇压（某人[某事物]）; 制服: The rebellion was crushed by government forces. 政府军已把叛乱镇压下去. * Her refusal crushed all our hopes. 她一拒绝, 我的希望就全都破灭了. * He felt completely crushed (ie humiliated) by her last remark. 他听到她最后的一番话感到深受凌辱.

(phr v) crush (sb/sth) into, past, through, etc sth (cause sb/sth to) move into or through a narrow space by pressing or pushing （使某人[某物]）挤入或挤过: A large crowd crushed past (the barrier). 大群的人挤过了（障碍物）. * You can't crush twenty people into such a tiny room. 不能让二十个人挤进这样一个狭小的房间里. * The postman tried to crush the packet through the letter-box. 邮递员使劲把邮件塞进信箱里. crush sth out (of sth) remove sth by pressing or squeezing 挤出或榨出某物: crush the juice out of oranges 榨橙子汁 * (fig 比喻) With his hands round her throat he crushed the life out of her. 他双手扼住她的喉咙把她掐死了.

> crushing adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]

1 overwhelming 压倒的: a crushing defeat, blow, etc 惨重的失败、 打击等.

2 intended to subdue or humiliate 企图制服或羞辱对方的: a crushing look, remark, etc 让人受不了的脸色、 话语等. crushingly adv. crush 2

/ kr?; kr?/ n

[sing] crowd of people pressed close together 拥挤的人群: a big crush in the theatre bar 剧院小卖部里拥挤不堪的人群 * I couldn't get through the crush. 我无法从人群中挤过去.

[C] ~ (on sb) (infml 口) strong but typically brief liking (for sb); infatuation （对某人的）强烈而短暂的喜爱, 迷恋: Schoolchildren often have/get crushes on teachers. 小学生往往很钦佩老师.

[U] (Brit) drink made from fruit juice 果汁饮料: lemon crush 柠檬饮料.

# `crush barrier fence put up to control crowds 防挤栏杆.